The United States is currently experiencing what promises to be one of the worst measles outbreaks since the virus was declared eliminated from the country in 00. He began to early January at Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, and has since expanded to 14 states and infected 84 people, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Measles is caused by a paramyxovirus of the genus Morbillivirus , is one of the most contagious diseases in the world, infecting more than 0% of susceptible hosts that come into contact with an afflicted individual. In the absence of generalized vaccination, the average person with measles will infect on average from 12 to 18 others; however, Ebola virus is usually transmitted at 1.5 to 2.5 people. Children in particular are more likely to suffer complications from an infection of measles. Although the overall mortality rate for children who get measles is only between 0.1% and 0.2%, as much as one in 20 children will also develop pneumonia. Symptoms of the disease can be managed with common anti-inflammatory medications, hydration, and the rest, but like many other viral diseases, there is no cure and antibiotics are ineffective. Mortality rates are much higher in developing countries.
What is measles are for the immune system?
measles virus is transmitted from person to person through the air in aerosol coughed- on droplets are inhaled. The virus is usually the first contact with the lung tissue of the host, where it infects immune cells called macrophages and dendritic cells, which serve as a system of defense and early warning. Hence, infected cells migrate to the lymph nodes where they transmit the virus to the B and T cell surface protein A on these white blood cells, known as CD150, is used as the virus entry point during this critical stage. Infected cells B and T then migrate through the body of viral particle release in the blood. The spleen, lymph nodes, liver, thymus, skin and lung are potential destinations of the virus. In rare cases (about one in 1000 cases), the virus can cross the blood-brain barrier and cause a dangerous swelling of the brain; infection of the lung cells causes coughing that keeps the viruses circulating in the population.
Why measles cause rash?
One of the classic presentations against measles infection is a rash characterized by red flat spots that starts on the face and the body moves down all the way on foot in a few days . The rash is a symptom of inflammation occurring in the skin. As the virus circulates in the blood, it infects the skin capillaries. immune cells detect infection and react by releasing chemicals such as nitric oxide and histamine, which destroy viral invaders and call other immune cells into action. These chemicals, however, cause swelling and damage to host cells, which causes the often rash itching, which usually occurs at the same time with a fever that can reach up to 40 ° C.
Why return of measles?
Measles has been back. Last year was one of the worst years in recent history of the United States: CDC reported 644 cases of 23 separate outbreaks during 2014; between 01 and 2013, not a single year has seen more than 250 cases. (Because measles was declared "eliminated" in the United States in 00, outbreaks were triggered by the virus "imported" from other countries, who then finds an unvaccinated person.) With 84 people already infected in 2015 , things are not off the best start.
the number of measles infections each year from 01 to 2014. CDC 
part of the reason for the resurgence is an increase in the number of parents who refuse to vaccinate their children against the virus. Despite a huge amount of scientific and medical evidence demonstrating both the safety and efficacy of the vaccine against measles, some parents refuse to vaccinate their children for reasons of personal conviction. The problem is compounded because many parents like mind are geographically grouped. For all of the state of California, the vaccine refusal rate is only 2.6%, indicating that most citizens are aware of the benefits of vaccination. However, a recent study of pediatric health records revealed that in some areas the vaccine refusal rate is as high as 13.5%. Other factors such as lack of time, education, or money can cause parents to fall behind inadvertently vaccinating their children.
Disneyland provides an ideal starting point for an epidemic. In such a world of atmosphere, a single infected person could come into contact with hundreds or thousands of people in a day. Although 0% of people are immunized, high infectivity of the virus will allow it to spread in the population by jumping between sensitive individuals.
How can I protect my children get measles?
Get vaccinated.
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