may smell. non-toxic fragrances that are found in water can prevent toxins compensation molds.
artificial fragrances are in all kinds of detergents and personal care products, and they tend to go through the treatment of wastewater and persist in the environment. Although the chemicals are not toxic, a new study indicates that low concentrations could indirectly affect mussels and other aquatic animals. These synthetic musks interfere with the transport proteins that pump many types of toxins out of cells, which could allow them to build to dangerous levels. transport proteins are altered until 2 days after exposure to musks.
Other compounds are already known to block these so-called efflux transporters. (A positive application is the development of drugs to prevent such carriers help cancer cells resistant to chemotherapy.) Laboratory experiments have shown that environmental pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, may have the same effect on carriers in sea urchins, fish, mussels, and other aquatic organisms, ultimately leading to toxicity.
Till Luckenbach and ecotoxicology marine biologist David Epel, both at Stanford University, examined the effects of six common synthetic musk compounds in personal care products. They removed the gills of mussels and bathe them in water with low concentrations of musks. Two hours later, they tested the effects on transport proteins in the gills by placing them in water containing a red dye. Absorbed and retained dye strips, showing that carrier cells were inhibited. The proteins remained impaired for 2 days, then recovered, reports in Environmental Health Perspectives pair online. "These seemingly harmless chemicals are harmful unexpectedly," says Luckenbach.
"They showed that [musks] may jeopardize an important defense system," said Tvrtko Smital, a molecular toxicologist at the Rudjer Boskovic Institute in Zagreb, Croatia. The concern is that musks could allow low-level pollutants to accumulate wildlife inside, he said. "We can expect with the prolonged effects of exposure to relatively low concentrations of chemicals," says Smital, adding that it will be important to monitor the habitat of these perfumes.
Related Sites
the EHP paper
the laboratory site of David Epel
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