Heading home.
A glowing stem cell transplantation research a place to settle.
Deepta Bhattacharya, Agnieszka Czechowicz and Irving Weissman
A new treatment may allow patients to avoid some of the grueling side effects of bone marrow transplants. The researchers reported in the November issue 23 Science they can use a specific type of antibody to remove the old stem cells from the marrow in mice, allowing costs to take their square. This discovery could allow patients to receive bone marrow without undergoing chemotherapy and other toxic procedures.
marrow transplantscan improve bone diseases such as sickle cell anemia reconstitution of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that generate white and red blood cells. But before receiving the marrow, patients should generally undergo conditioning, a cycle of chemotherapy (and sometimes radiation) that clears the immune cells that might attack the transplants and eliminates CSH, existing defective. However, the package also devastates the stem cells in the body, which triggers hair loss, diarrhea, mental decline and other side effects.
Finding a softer approach, postdoc Deepta Bhattacharya and immunologist Irving Weissman of the School of Medicine at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California, and colleagues have received doses with a mouse antibody that binds c-kit, a receptor on the surface of CSH promotes its division and survival. The antibody has sent the number of HSCs in the embedding of the bone marrow of animals more than 98% after 8 days, researchers report. This seemed to make room for new cells to rebuild the immune system of animals. Six months after a bone marrow transplant, 0% of a type of immune cell transfer were derived HSCs, the team found.
Weissman is considering a HSC removing antibody will be part of an attack on two fronts diseases such as sickle cell anemia, severe combined immunodeficiency, aplastic anemia, and thalassemia. First, patients will receive antibodies to suppress immune cells that might reject a bone marrow transplant; Such antibodies are already used, but they can cause flu-like symptoms and other side effects. Then, an HSC-deleting antibody would make room for new stem cells. Weissman cautions, however, that researchers need to find a human antibody that works as well as the version of the mouse. But if successful, the strategy could eliminate the need of chemotherapy and radiation and allow transplants for diseases such as type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis and lupus, wherein the traditional conditioning was considered too radical.
"There is an intriguing new approach," says stem cell biologist and clinician David Scadden of Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. But stem cell biologist Kateri Moore of Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York questions whether the antibody removes all HSCs. She noted that even without a transplant, the HSC numbers rebound in mice in about 3 weeks in a dose of antibody. CSH spared the antibody, it warns, could compete with the newcomers in space or even to produce T cells that attack transplants.
Related site
- More information about bone marrow transplants
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