No pain, only gain. A combination of drugs may improve endurance of the easy way.
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You want to run a marathon, but too lazy to form? Maybe you can take a pill one day. Scientists have found compounds that, when taken orally, significantly increase endurance in mice, including one that works without any exercise.
The traditional way to build endurance is aerobic exercise, which increases the ability of skeletal muscle to burn fat effectively. A key protein in this process is PPAR & # 948. When activated, it triggers a key network of genes that burn fat and endurance hoist. Last year, a research team led by Ronald Evans of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in San Diego, California, genetically mice with increased PPAR & # 948 engineering activity; they discovered that these "marathon mice" had almost twice the endurance race normal mice.
Although trained athletes could consider gene therapy, casual jocks would probably prefer a pill. Yet when Evans and his colleagues recently gave a PPAR & # 948 drugs to stimulate normal adult mice, the rodents developed no greater endurance than their counterparts undoped - until researchers had the animals combine drugs with a workout routine. Then endurance drugged shot through the roof mice: They ran 70% further than the trained mice given a placebo, and their running times were similarly increased, the group reports online today Evans in cell
given that the exercise was necessary. to start the PPAR & # 948 drugs in high gear, the research team wondered what would happen if they tricked the body into thinking that it was exercised. They gave mice a drug - AICAR, which has been used in clinical trials for various diseases - that upped AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an enzyme that becomes active during a workout. These mice "couch potato" got an instant boost of endurance up to 44% - without any form of exercise training. "We did not expect, you can create exercise in a pill," Evans said. But after four weeks on the drug, the mice behaved as if they had exercised every day.
Either exercise or one of its direct products, AMPK activates a pathway that stimulates endurance promoting genes in muscles, Evans concludes. And now that the path can be manipulated - or exploited. "It's a little scary," says Mark Tarnopolsky, Director of the Clinic for neuromuscular and neurometabolic disorders at the Medical Center of McMaster University in Ontario, Canada. "Unfortunately, many athletes will think they can use drugs to improve performance." But he adds that for people of "sedentary diseases" such as obesity or diabetes, medication is an exciting development.
Until now, no drug has been tested to increase endurance in people. But even if they did work in humans, they would only strengthen your ability run faster or farther - not your desire to do so, said Sebastian Jorgenson, an exercise physiologist at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark "Even if you have such a capacity if it is not used. what does it matter? "he said. Jorgenson and notes that drugs are not really necessary. "The remedy is there for millions of years," he said. "He called a balanced diet and exercise."
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