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Summary
Three new studies are reporting progress in the drive to design rationally vaccines against AIDS that can teach the immune system to mount a response to effective antibodies against the virus. Some people infected with HIV develop antibodies "neutralizing" (bNAbs) working against a range of viral variants, but researchers are struggling to understand how to reverse them. Two reports online this week in Science and in Cell show in animal experiments that two different approaches can help guide the antibody-producing cells B on tracks which finally produce bNAbs. One strategy uses a nanoparticle based on a small part of the HIV surface protein, gp0, as an "immunogen" to start the process bNAb. A second effort uses a mimetic nature of the entire gp0 as it appears on the viral surface, clustered in groups of three called trimers. Ultimately, researchers believe they will combine the nanoparticle, natural trimer, and other immunogens unknown to make a vaccine that can stop most every variant of HIV circulating through humans worldwide.
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