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Summary
Over In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in studies that intentionally infect volunteers with a wide variety of pathogens to test new drugs and vaccines. The so-called "human challenge model" has a long and checkered that began with the experiences of the 18th century by the vaccine developer against the Edward Jenner smallpox and later fell under the intense control when they were led by Nazi doctors, military researchers, academics and scientists working with prisoners. Today, challenge experiments follow strict ethical guidelines, minimizing risk to volunteers at every turn, and cope with increased monitoring of regulators. the list of diseases in the study include malaria, flu, shigella, dengue fever, norovirus, tuberculosis, rhinovirus, Escherichia coli , typhoid, giardia and campylobacter. and scientists who conduct human challenge studies, which usually involve a few dozen participants say they have critical advantages: in addition to saving time and money, they can reveal damage caused by a drug potential or vaccine prior to entry into test human effectiveness on a large scale.
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