When the first farmers plowed the Middle East in Europe 8500 years ago, they brought with them more than one style life, they also set in motion changes in genes that have changed the way Europeans looked digested food, and adapted to the disease. In a new study published in Nature today, an international team to sequence ancient DNA from 230 people who lived there 3000 years 8500 in Europe, Siberia, and Turkey. Their sample included the first ever sequenced DNA of the first farmers in the Middle East, as it buried in Barcin Höyük northwest of Anatolia, in Turkey today. The team reported earlier this year how natural selection has favored the spread of genes of white skin, tallness and digest the sugars in milk. In today's paper, the same researchers sequenced the DNA of more skeletons and found that the transition to agriculture also promoted the genes for digesting fat and immune genes that protect against disease infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis and leprosy. Interestingly, the team also found the spread of two variants of genes associated with celiac disease. These variants may have been favored because they help to compensate for a deficiency associated with certain regimes-in an amino acid called agricultural ergothioneine. But variants also have the secondary effect of stimulating Crohn's disease and other celiac disease.
How agriculture has changed the European
How agriculture has changed the European - genome
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