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Summary
Immunologists thought they knew the key players in our immune system. But they became convinced that temporary immune command posts set up by the body, called lymphoid tertiary structures (TLS) or tertiary lymphoid organs, are much more important for the body's defenses that achieved previously. These congregations organized in immune tissues can germinate into sites of inflammation or infection almost anywhere in the body. They appear to stimulate the immune system against pathogens against attacks and tumors and may also promote self-directed attacks of autoimmune diseases and organ transplant rejection. These days, looking over TLS "is exploding," says immunologist Andreas Habenicht of the University of Munich in Germany. Armed with a new understanding of the signals that create these structures, pharmaceutical companies have even begun testing the compounds to block the TLS formation in people with autoimmune diseases.
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