ravaged countries Ebola West Africa are on alert after a polio case was confirmed in a young child in Mali on 7 September, just a week after two cases were reported in south-western Ukraine. The homes are not related, but in both cases, the culprit is supposedly derived poliovirus vaccine (VDPV). These rare VDPV occur when the virus used in the live vaccine returns from its weakened form and regain its virulence danger when immunization rates are low because they are in two places, allowing the vaccine strain circulating and accumulate genetic mutations.
in West Africa, a boy of 19 months, was paralyzed in Guinea on 20 July, then went to the Malian capital for treatment, where polio was confirmed. Type 2 VDPV is closely linked to that detected in the Kankan Region of Guinea in 2014 that researchers believe was undetected circulation for 2 years. Because the West African health systems have been decimated and vaccination rates dropped precipitiously, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the high risk of spreading.
Ukraine, with its social unrest and declining child vaccination, approximately 50% of children were unemployed or underimmunized in 2014-was also considered as high risk of a polio epidemic. Two children there, 4 years and 10 months, were paralyzed June 30 and July 7, respectively; Type 1 VDPV was confirmed August 31 The risk of spread in Ukraine is high, the WHO said, although the risk of international spread is low.
Both homes Polio is so contagious that one case is considered an outbreak underscore the urgency for all countries to stop the use of live oral vaccine, a key strategy in the final phase of polio eradication, said Hamid Jafari, head of global polio eradication at wHO in Geneva, Switzerland. For now, if a wild virus or vaccine derived causes an epidemic, the answer is the same: Hit the area hard and fast with massive vaccination round and cancel within 4 months. Emergency campaigns could begin this week.
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