The mill. This hybridoma can pump specific human antibodies.
After 20 years of painstaking work, researchers have found a way to a magic formula to find and destroy cancer cells and cells infected by viruses such as HIV . Ammunition - immune system proteins called antibodies - can be done in a test tube with a new cell line derived from normal and cancer cells human white blood cells
To ward off viruses, cancer cells, and others. threats, the immune system prepares some brigades a huge standing army of cells producing cells called antibodies B. Each brigade pumps a unique antibody that recognizes and binds to a particular place of the invader. Normally, the blood of an infected person or animal will be loaded with various antibodies. However, in 1975, the researchers made mice cell lines called hybridomas that produce a single type of antibody - a useful tool to identify cellular proteins. These so-called monoclonal antibodies have also helped doctors to develop new diagnostic tests. But mouse antibodies seek out and destroy the invaders in humans because the immune system often rejected them as foreign.
Intrigued, immunologist Abraham Karpas of the University of Cambridge and his colleagues worked for more than 20 years to find a way to make human cells specialize in monoclonal antibodies. Even by a mouse hybridoma is delicate: B cells from the spleen of an immunized mouse, which normally died in culture dishes, must be merged with cancerous white blood cells called myelomas. But the human myeloma cells "do not behave themselves," said Karpas. The team has spent years coaxing the cells to grow rapidly in culture dishes and unravel the cells that could survive in good conditions.
the resulting myeloma line has allowed them to nine different human hybridomas, each specializing in a particular antibody, including one that locks onto a key protein of HIV, the researchers report in the February 13 Proceedings of the national Academy of sciences . the technique could now help researchers use B cells from tumor tissue producing anticancer antibodies and B cells of HIV survivors to seeking antibodies and destroy virus, said Karpas.
"it is an important development," said immunologist Gregory Adams of the Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia. the new cells, it will be easier and cheaper to develop human antibodies, particularly for therapy, said immunologist Paul Nelson of the University of Wolverhampton, UK. "I think it's quite exciting," he said.
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